Selected Publications:
93 Zhang YF, Kang ZX, Liu MY, Wang L. Liu F*. Single-cell omics identifies inflammatory signaling as a trans-differentiation trigger in mouse embryos. Dev Cell. S1534-5807(24)00109-6.
92 Zhang YF, Liu F*. The evolving views of hematopoiesis: from embryo to adulthood and from in vivo to in vitro. J Genet Genomics. 2024. 51(1):3-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.09.005.
2023
91 Lv P, Liu F*. Heme-deficient primitive red blood cells induce HSPC ferroptosis by altering iron homeostasis during zebrafish embryogenesis. Development. 2023. 150(20):dev201690.
90 Li Y, Li C, Liu MY, Liu SC, Liu F, Wang L. The RNA-binding protein CSDE1 promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell generation via translational control of Wnt signaling. Development. 2023. 150(21):dev201890.
89 Gao SW, Zhang YF, Liu F*. Revisiting the lineage contribution of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Development. 2023. 150(14):dev201609
88 Grigorash BB, Essen D, Liang GX, Grosse L, Emelyanov A, Kang ZX, Korablev A, Kanzler B, Molina C, Lopez E, Demidov ON, Garrido C, Liu F, Saccani S, Bulavin DV. p16High senescence restricts cellular plasticity during somatic cell reprogramming. Nat Cell Biol. 2023. 25(9):1265-78
87 Xia J, Liu MY, Zhu CY, Liu SC, Ai LL, Ma DY, Zhu P, Wang L*, Liu F*. Activation of lineage competence in hemogenic endothelium precedes the formation of hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity. Cell Res. 2023. 33(6):448-63. Cover story
86 Liang GX, Liu F*. Long-term expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Regen. 2023. 12(1):18
85 Heng J, Shi BY, Zhou JY, Zhang YF, Ma DY, Yang YG*, Liu F*. Cpeb1b-mediated cytoplasmic polyadenylation of shha mRNA modulates zebrafish definitive hematopoiesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023. 120(7):e2212212120.
2022
84 Ding YY, Liu F*. Protocol for isolation and ATAC-seq library construction of zebrafish red blood cells. STAR Protoc. 2022. 3(4):101889
83 Liang GX, Liu F*. Response to Matters Arising: Characterization of placental fetal macrophages. Dev Cell. 2022. 57(23):2601-2603
82 Shi BY, Heng J, Zhou JY, Yang Y, Zhang WY, Koziol MJ, Zhao YL, Li PL, Liu F*, Yang YG*. Phase separation of Ddx3xb helicase regulates maternal-to-zygotic transition in zebrafish. Cell Res. 2022 32(8):715-728 Cover story
81 Wu XT, Zhang HM, Zhang BJ, Zhang Y, Wang QY, Shen WM, Wu X, Li LJ, Xia WK, Nakamura R, Liu BF, Liu F, Takeda H, Meng AM, Xie W*. Methylome inheritance and enhancer dememorization reset an epigenetic gate safeguarding embryonic programs. Sci Adv. 2021 Dec 24;7(52):eabl3858.
80 Zhu PP, Lu TK, Wu JY, Fan DD, Liu BY, Zhu XX, Guo H, Du Y, Liu F, Tian Y, Fan ZS*. Gut microbiota drives macrophage-dependent self-renewal of intestinal stem cells via niche enteric serotonergic neurons. Cell Res. 2022 Jun;32(6):555-569.
79. Li Y, Tang C, Liu F, Zhu C, Liu F, Zhu P, Wang L. DNA methylation safeguards the generation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by repression of Notch signaling. Development. 2022. 15;149(10):dev200390
78. Huang X, Lin XH, Liu F, Wu G, Yang ZZ, Meng AM.The rise of developmental biology in China. Dev Growth Differ. 2022. 64(2):106-115
77. Gao SW, Shi Q, Zhang YF, Liang GX, Kang ZX, Huang BF, Ma DY, Wang L, Jiao JW, Fang XD, Xu CR, Liu LQ, Xu X, Berthold Göttgens, Li C*, Liu F*. Identification of HSC/MPP expansion units in fetal liver by single-cell spatiotemporal transcriptomics. Cell Res. 2022.32(1):38-53
2021
76. Ding YY, Li YZ, Zhao ZQ, Zhang C QF, Liu F*. The chromatin-remodeling enzyme Smarca5 regulates erythrocyte aggregation via Keap1-Nrf2 signaling. Elife. 2021.10:e72557.
75. Liang GX, Huang BF, Wang FC*, Liu F*. Protocols for isolation and characterization of mouse placental hemogenic endothelial cells. STAR Protoc. 2021.2(4):100884.
74. Li Y, Liu F*. DNA Methylation Reshapes Sex Development in Zebrafish. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2021. 19(1):44-47.
73. Liang GX, Zhou CY, Jiang XX, Zhang YF, Huang BF, Gao SF, Kang ZX, Ma DY, Wang FC, Gottgens B*, Wang HM*, Han J JD*, Liu F*. De novo generation of macrophage from placenta-derived hemogenic endothelium. Dev Cell . 2021. 56(14):2121-33
72 Liu F, Liu F*, Wang L*. COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Biol. 2021. 13(3):161-7
71 Ding YY, Liu ZX, Liu F*. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions in vertebrates. Dev Biol . 2021. 475:156-64
70 Xia J, Kang ZX, Xue YY, Ding YY, Gao SW, Zhang YF, Lv P, Wang XY, Ma DY, Wang L, Han JD, Liu F*. A single-cell resolution developmental atlas of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2021. 118(14):e2015748118
69 Ding YY, Wang W, Ma DY, Liang GX, Kang ZX, Xue YY, Zhang YF, Wang L, Heng J, Zhang Y*, Liu F*. Smarca5 mediated epigenetic programming facilitates fetal HSPC development in vertebrates. Blood. 2021. 137(2):190-202
2020
68 Lefkopoulos S, Polyzou A, Derecka M, Bergo V, Clapes T, Cauchy P, Jerez-Longres C, Onishi-Seebacher M, Martagon-Calderón N, S.Potts K, Klaeylé L, Liu F, V. Bowman T, Jenuwein T, Mione M, Trompouki E*. Repetitive Elements Trigger RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling that Regulates the Emergence of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Immunity . 2020, 53(5):934-951
67 Sun SF, Jiang N, Jiang YM, He QP, He H, Wang X, Yang L, Li RS, Liu F, Lin XH, Zhao B. Chromatin remodeler Znhit1 preserves hematopoietic stem cell quiescence by determining the accessibility of distal enhancers. Leukemia . 2020 34(12):3348-3358
66 Lv P, Ma DY, Gao S, Zhang YF, Bae YK, Liang GX, Gao SW, Choi JH, Kim CH, Wang L*, Liu F*, Generation of foxn1/Casper Mutant Zebrafish for Allograft and Xenograft of Normal and Malignant Cells. Stem Cell Reports . 2020, 15(3):749-60
65 Shi BY, Zhang JS, Heng J, Gong J, Zhang T, Li P, Sun BF, Yang Y, Zhang N, Zhao YL, Wang HL, Liu F*, Zhang C QF*, Yang YG*. RNA structural dynamics regulate early embryogenesis through controlling transcriptome fate and function. Genome Biol . 2020, 21(1):120
64 Lu XY, Zhang YL, Liu F*, Wang L* Rac2 Regulates the Migration of T Lymphoid Progenitors to the Thymus during Zebrafish Embryogenesis. J Immunol . 2020, 204(9):2447-54
63 Heng J, Lv P, Zhang YF, Cheng XJ, Wang L, Ma DY, Liu F*. Rab5c-mediated endocytic trafficking regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development via Notch and AKT signaling. PLoS Biol . 2020, 18(4):e3000696
62 Pijuan-Sala B, Wilson NK, Xia J, Hou XM, Hannah RL, Kinston S, Calero-Nieto FJ, Poirion O, Preissl S, Liu F, Göttgens B. Single-cell chromatin accessibility maps reveal regulatory programs driving early mouse organogenesis. Nat Cell Biol . 2020, 22(4):487-97
61 Sun Y, Zhang B, Luo L, Shi DL, Wang H, Cui Z, Huang H, Cao Y, Shu X, Zhang W, Zhou J, Li Y, Du J, Zhao Q, Chen J, Zhong H, Zhong TP, Li L, Xiong JW, Peng J, Xiao W, Zhang J, Yao J, Yin Z, Mo X, Peng G, Zhu J, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Liu D, Pan W, Zhang Y, Ruan H, Liu F*, Zhu Z*, Meng A*; ZAKOC Consortium. Systematic genome editing of the genes on zebrafish Chromosome 1 by CRISPR/Cas9. Genome Res . 2020, 30: 118-26
2019
60 Gao SW, Liu F*. Novel insights into cell cycle regulation of cell fate determination. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B . .2019, 20(6):467-75
59 Yang Y, Wang L, Han X, Yang WL, Zhang M, Ma HL, Sun BF, Li A, Xia J, Chen J ,Heng J, Wu B, Chen Y, Xu JW, Yang X, Yao H, Sun J, Lyu C, Wang HL, Huang Y, Sun YP, Zhao YL, Meng A, Ma J, Liu F*, Yang YG*. RNA 5-Methylcytosine Facilitates the Maternal-to Zygotic Transition by Preventing Maternal mRNA Decay. Mol Cell . 2019, 75(6):1188-1202
58 Zhang YF, Liu F*. Multidimensional single-cell analyses in organ development and maintenance. Trends Cell Biol . 2019, 29(6):477-86
57 Xue YY, Liu DH, Cui GZ, Ding YY, Ai DS, Gao SW, Zhang YF, Suo SB, Wang XH, Lv P, Zhou CY, Li YZ, Chen XW, Peng GD Jing NH, Han JJ, Liu F*. A 3D atlas of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion by multi-dimensional RNA-seq analysis. Cell Rep . 2019, 27(5):1567-78
56 Liu ZB, Tu HQ, Kang YS, Xue YY, Ma DY, Zhao CT, Li HY, Wang L*, Liu F*. Primary cilia regulate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell specification through Notch signaling in zebrafish. Nat Commun . 2019, 10(1):1839
2018
55 Tu HQ, Qin XH, Liu ZB, Song ZQ, Hu HB, Zhang YC, Chang Y, Wu M, Huang Y, Bai YF, Wang G, Han QY, Li AL, Zhou T, Liu F*, Zhang XM*, Li HY*. Microtubule asters anchored by FSD1 control axoneme assembly and ciliogenesis. Nat Commun. 2018, 9(1):5277
54 Choi JP, Wang R, Yang X, Wang X, Wang L, Ting KK, Foley M, Cogger V, Yang Z, Liu F, Han Z, Liu R, Baell J, Zheng X. Ponatinib (AP24534) inhibits MEKK3-KLF signaling and prevents formation and progression of cerebral cavernous malformations. Sci Adv. 2018, 4(11) :eaau0731
53 Gao SW and Liu F*. Fetal liver: an ideal niche for hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Sci China Life Sci. 2018, 61(8):885-92
52 Zhang YF, Gao S, Xia J, Liu F*. Hematopoietic hierarchy - An updated roadmap. Trends Cell Biol . 2018, 28(12):976-86
51 Lv JH, Zhang YF, Gao SW, Zhang CX, Chen YS, Li W, Yang YG, Zhou Q, Liu F*. Endothelial-specific m6A modulates mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development via Notch signaling. Cell Res. 2018, 28(2):249-52
50 Zhang CX and Liu F*. RNA methylation regulates hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell specification. Sci China Life Sci. 2018, 61(5):610-2
2017
49 Yan HW, Zhang CX, Wang ZQ, Tu T, Duan HX, Luo YT, Feng J, Liu F*, Yan X*. CD146 is required for VEGF-C-induced lymphatic sprouting during lymphangiogenesis. Sci Rep. 2017, 7(1):7442
48 Shang YL, Zhu FX, Wang LN, Ouyang YC, Dong MZ, Liu C, Zhao HC, Cui XH, Ma DY, Zhang ZG, Yang XY, Guo YS, Liu F, Yuan L, Gao F*, Guo XJ*, Sun QY*, Cao YX*, Li W*. Essential role for SUN5 in anchoring sperm head to the tail. Elife. e28199
47 Zhang Y, Xue YY, Cao CW, Huang JJ, Hong QL, Hai T, Jia QT, Wang XL, Qin GS, Yao J, Wang X, Zheng QT, Zhang R, Li YS, Luo AL, Zhang N, Shi GZ, Wang YF, Ying H, Liu ZH, Wang HM, Meng AM, Zhou Q, Wei H*, Liu F*, Zhao J*. Thyroid hormone regulates hematopoiesis via the TR-KLF9 axis. Blood. 2017, 130(20):2161-70
46 Wang L, Liu ZB, Lin H, Ma DY, Tao QH, Liu F*. Epigenetic regulation of left-right asymmetry by DNA methylation. EMBO J. 2017, 36(20):2987-97
45 Zhang CX, Chen YS, Sun BF, Wang L, Yang Y, Ma DY, Lv JH, Heng J, Ding YY, Xue YY, Lu XY, Xiao W, Yang YG*, Liu F*. m6A modulates haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell specification. Nature. 2017, 549(7671):273-76
44 Xue YY, Lv JH, Zhang CX, Wang L, Ma DY, Liu F*. The vascular niche regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell lodgment and expansion via klf6a-ccl25b. Dev Cell. 2017, 42(4):349-62
43 Lv JH, Liu F*. Application of aorta-gonad-mesonephros explant culture system in developmental hematopoiesis. J Vis Exp. 2017, 3;(129)
42 Lv JH, Liu F*. The role of serotonin beyond the central nervous system during embryogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci. 2017, 11:74
41 He QP, Gao SW, Lv JH, Li W, Liu F*. BLOS2 maintains hematopoietic stem cells in the fetal liver via repressing Notch signaling. Exp Hematol. 2017, 51:1-6.e2
40 Lv JH, Wang L, Gao Y, Ding YQ, Liu F*. 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesized in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell survival. J Exp Med . 2017, 214(2):529-45
39 Liu TH, Tang YJ, Huang Y, Wang L, Guo XL, Mi JQ, Liu LG, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Chen L, Liu X, Zhang LH, Ye QJ, Li BS, Tang JY, Ford A, Enver T, Liu F*, Chen GQ*, Hong DL*. Expression of the fetal hematopoiesis regulator FEV indicates leukemias of prenatal origin. Leukemia. 2017, 31(5):1079-86
2016
38. Ma DY, Xue YY, Zhang YF, Sun YH, Meng AM, Liu F*. The rising zebrafish research in China: Meeting report of the 3rd Chinese Zebrafish Principal Investigator Meeting & the Inaugural Meeting of China Zebrafish Society. J Genet Genomics, 2016, 43(10):617-20
37. Zhou WW, He QP, Zhang CX, He Xin, Cui ZB, Liu F*, Li W*. BLOS2 negatively regulates Notch signaling during neural and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development. Elife. 2016, e18108
36. Wei YL, Xu J, Zhang WQ, Wen ZL, Liu F*. RNA polymerase III component Rpc9 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell maintenance in zebrafish. Development. 2016, 143(12):2103-10
35. Hu MJ, Bai Y, Zhang CX, Liu F, Cui ZB, Chen J, Peng JR. Liver-enriched gene 1, a glycosylated secretory protein, binds to FGFR and mediates an anti-stress pathway to protect liver development in zebrafish. PLoS Genet. 2016, 12(2):e1005881
34. Wang L, Zhang CX, Liu F*. Molecular regulation of hematopoietic stem cell development. Scientia Sinica Vitae. 2016, 46(1);16-24
33. He QP, Liu F*. Unexpected role of inflammatory signaling in hematopoietic stem cell development: its role beyond inflammation. Curr Opin Hematol. 2016, 23(1):18-22
2015
32 Ma DY and Liu F*. Genome editing and its applications in model organisms. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2015, 13(6):336-44
31. Lu XY, Wei YL, Liu F*. Direct regulation of p53 by miR-142a-3p mediates the survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in zebrafish. Cell Discovery.2015, 1:15027
30. Zhang PP, He QP, Chen DB, Liu WX, Wang L, Zhang CX, Ma DY, Li W, Liu B, Liu F*. G protein-coupled receptor 183 facilitates endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition via Notch1 inhibition. Cell Res. 2015, 25(10):1093–107
29. Wang SF, He QP, Ma DY, Xue YY, Liu F*. Irf4 Regulates the Choice between T Lymphoid-Primed Progenitor and Myeloid Lineage Fates during Embryogenesis. Dev Cell. 2015, 34(6):621-31 Cover story
28. Xue YY, Gao S, Liu F*. Genome-wide analysis of the zebrafish Klf family identifies two genes important for erythroid maturation. Dev Biol. 2015, 403(2):115-27
27. He QP, Zhang CX, Wang L, Zhang PP, Ma DY, Lv JH, Liu F*. Inflammatory signaling regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell emergence in vertebrates. Blood. 2015, 125(7):1098-106
26. Wang H, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Yang Y, Qi H, Qu H, Zhang Z, Liu F*, Fang X*.. Knockdown of transcription factor forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) suppresses erythroid differentiation in human cells and zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015, 460(4):923-30
25. Tu T, Zhang CX, Yan H, Luo Y, Kong R, Wen P, Ye Z, Chen J, Feng J, Liu F, Wu JY, Yan X..CD146 acts as a novel receptor for netrin-1 in promoting angiogenesis and vascular development. Cell Res. 2015, 25(3):275-87
24. Zhou Y, Ge R, Wang R, Liu F, Huang Y, Liu H, Hao Y, Zhou Q, Wang C. UXT potentiates angiogenesis by attenuating Notch signaling. Development. 2015, 142(4):774-86
2014
23. Wei YL Ma DY, Gao Y, Zhang CX, Wang L, Liu, F*. Ncor2 is required for hematopoietic stem cell emergence by inhibiting Fos signaling in zebrafish. Blood . 2014, 124(10):1578-85
22. Zhang CX, Lv JH, He QP, Wang SF, G Ya, Meng AM, Yang X, Liu, F*. Inhibition of endothelial ERK signaling by Smad1/5 is essential for hematopoietic stem cell emergence. Nat Commun . 2014, 5(3431)
21. Ping XL, Sun BF, Wang L, Xiao W, Yang X,Wang WJ, Samir A, Shi Y, Lv Y, Chen YS, Zhao X, Li A, Yang Y, Ujwal D, Lou XM, Liu X, Huang J, Yuan WP, Zhu XF, Cheng T, Zhao YL, Wang XQ, Danielsen JMR, Liu F*, Yang YG*. Mammalian WTAP is a regulatory subunit of the RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase. Cell Res. 2014, 24(2):177-89
20. Gorsi B, Liu F, Ma X, Chico T.J.A, Shrinivasan A, Kramer KL, Bridges E, Monteiro R, Harris AL, Patient R, Stringer SE. The heparan sulfate editing enzyme Sulf1 plays a novel role in zebrafish VegfA mediated arterial venous identity. Angiogenesis . 2014, 17(1):77-91
2013
19. Ye ZD, Zhang CX, Tu T, Sun M, Liu D, Lu D, Feng J, Yang DL, Liu F* and Yan XY*. Wnt5a uses CD146 as a receptor to regulate cell motility and convergent extension. Nat Commun . 2013, 4:2803
18. Lu XY, Li XJ, He QP, Gao J, Gao Y, Liu B, Liu F*. miR-142-3p regulates the formation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in vertebrates. Cell Res . 2013, 23(12):1356-68
17. Huang SJ, Zhang Z, Zhang CX, Lv XD, Zheng XD, Chen ZP, Sun LW, Wang HL, Zhu YX, Zhang J, Yang SY, Lu Y, Sun QM, Tao Y, Liu F, Zhao Y, Chen DH*. Activation of Smurf E3 ligase promoted by Smoothened regulates Hedgehog signaling through targeting Patched turnover. PLoS Biology . 2013, (11) e1001721
16. Zhang Z, Feng J, Pan CY, Lv XD, Wu WQ, Zhou ZC, Liu F, Zhang L, Zhao Y*. Atrophin-Rpd3 complex represses Hedgehog signaling by acting as a corepressor of CiR. J Cell Biol . 2013, 203(4):575-83
15. Ciau-Uitz A, Wang L, Patient R, Liu F*. ETS transcription factors in hematopoietic stem cell development. Blood Cells Mol Dis . 2013, 51(4):248-55
14. Jiang L, Zhang J, Wang JJ, Wang L, Zhang L, Li GQ, Yang XD, Ma X, Sun X, Cai J, Zhang J, Huang XX, Yu M, Wang XG, Liu F, Wu CI, He C, Zhang B, Ci WM, and Liu J. Sperm, but Not Oocyte, DNA Methylome Is Inherited by Zebrafish Early Embryos. Cell . 2013, 153(4):773-84
13. Wang L, Liu TH, Xu LJ, Gao Y, Wei YL, Duan C, Chen GQ, Lin S, Patient R, Zhang B, Hong DL, Liu F*. Fev regulates hematopoietic stem cell development via ERK signaling. Blood . 2013, 122(3):367-75 Cover story
12. Ma DY, Wei YL, Liu F*. Regulatory mechanisms of thymus and T cell development. Dev Comp Immunol . 2013, 39(1-2):91-102
11. Zhang CX, Patient R, Liu F*. Hematopoietic stem cell development and regulatory signaling in zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta . 2013, 1830(2):2370-4
2012
10. Ma DY, Wang L, Wang SF, Gao Y, Wei YL, Liu F*. Foxn1 maintains thymic epithelial cells to support T-cell development via mcm2 in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2012, 109(51):21040-5
9. Liu ZB, Liu F*. Cautious use of fli1a:EGFP transgenic zebrafish in vascular research. Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2012, 427(1):223-6
2011
8. Zhang PP, Liu F*. In vivo imaging of hematopoietic stem cell development in the zebrafish. Front Med . 2011, 5(3):239-47
7. Wang L, Zhang PP, Wei YL, Gao Y, Patient R, Liu F*. A blood flow-dependent klf2a-NO signaling cascade is required for stabilization of hematopoietic stem cell programming in zebrafish embryos. Blood . 2011, 118(15):4102-10
2010
6. Miller LC, Freter S, Liu F, Taylor JSH, Patient R, Begbie J. Separating early sensory neuron and blood vessel patterning. Dev Dyn . 2010, 239(12):3297-302
5. Ciau-Uitz A#, Liu F# and Patient R. Genetic control of hematopoiesis in zebrafish and Xenopus (invited review). Int J Dev Biol . 2010, 54(6-7):1139-49 (#, co-first author)
2008 and before
4. Liu F and Patient R. Genome-wide analysis of the zebrafish ETS family identifies three genes required for hemangioblast differentiation or angiogenesis. Cir Res . 2008, 103(10):1147-54
3. Liu F, Walmsley M, Rodaway A, Patient R. Fli1 acts at the top of the transcriptional network driving blood and endothelial development. Curr Biol . 2008, 18(16):1234–40
2. Lo J#, Lee S#, Xu M#, Liu F#, et al. 15,000 unique zebrafish EST clusters and their future use in microarray for profiling gene expression patterns during embryogenesis. Genome Res . 2003, 13(3):455-66 (#, co-first author)
1. Liu F and Wen ZL. Cloning and expression pattern of the Lysozyme C gene in zebrafish. Mech Dev . 2002, 113(1):69-72